A green land covered with lush mountains, Pingtung's mountainous area smoothly descends from Mount Tawu which is 3,090 meters high to Erluanbi Bay. These mountains rich in natural resources, have cradled special aboriginal civilizations whose importance is on a par with other cultures in the development of Pingtung. Paiwan Tribe and Lukai Tribe are the two aboriginal tribes living in these mountains. A population of 6,278, Lukai Tribe mainly dwells in Wutai which serves also as the administrative center for the tribe.

The Paiwan Tribe of 43,257 is the third largest native tribe in Taiwan inhabiting the area between Sandimen and Hengchun Peninsula. The Paiwan and Lukai are gifted in utilizing the wisdom of Mother Earth to build their legendary stone plate houses on the tablelands. These stone plate houses are built to suit local climate and landforms. They also serve to fortify the villages. The civilization represented by the stone plate houses shows a complete pattern of tribal living. Scholars marvel at the exact tribal social system which well regulates surviving skills, traditional ritual practices, social status and primitive arts.